Kyo Sensu is one of Japan’s traditional crafts preserved in Kyoto, known for its delicate designs and refined appearance as a folding fan.
With roots in the aristocratic culture of the Heian period, Kyo Sensu has been treasured not only as a cooling tool but also in dance, tea ceremony, and as gifts. This article explains the history of Kyo Sensu, its distinctive techniques, and how to choose the right one for various purposes.
Immerse yourself in the world of Kyo Sensu, which combines elegant beauty with practicality.
Table of Contents
What is Kyo Sensu? The Elegance of Kyoto’s Traditional Folding Fans
Kyo Sensu is a traditional craft with a long history in Kyoto, beloved by many for its elegant beauty and practicality. In particular, Kyo Sensu featuring intricate decorations and premium materials receive high acclaim from collectors and enthusiasts both in Japan and abroad.
Below, we explain the definition and characteristics of Kyo Sensu, its diverse uses, and its international reputation in detail.
Differences Between Kyo Sensu and Edo Sensu
Kyo Sensu are folding fans manufactured in Kyoto, primarily used for dance performances and as decorative pieces. Their distinctive features include a higher number of ribs and intricate decorations. The fan surface often features elaborate designs using gold and silver leaf or lacquer, making them highly artistic.
In contrast, Edo Sensu are fans produced in Tokyo with simpler designs that emphasize practicality. They have fewer ribs than Kyo Sensu and are valued for being lightweight and portable. Thus, Kyo Sensu and Edo Sensu have clear differences in their place of manufacture, design, and purpose.
Versatile Uses in Tea Ceremony, Dance, and Interior Decoration
Kyo Sensu are utilized in various settings due to their beauty and functionality. In tea ceremony, they are used as part of proper etiquette, while in dance performances, they serve as important props.
They are also popular as interior decorations, creating a Japanese atmosphere when displayed on walls. Furthermore, they are valued as practical items to cool off during hot summers and are often selected as gifts or commemorative items.
Why Foreign Collectors Are Taking Notice
Kyo Sensu receive high praise among foreign collectors and enthusiasts for their delicate craftsmanship and beautiful designs. Handcrafted fans, in particular, are valued as one-of-a-kind pieces and are sometimes collected as art pieces.
They are also exhibited in museums and galleries overseas as symbols of Japanese traditional culture and aesthetic sensibility. In this way, Kyo Sensu are cherished by many people across national boundaries.
The History and Cultural Background of Kyo Sensu
Kyo Sensu is a traditional Japanese craft with approximately 1,200 years of history, evolving in its role and design over time. Beginning with the aristocratic culture of the Heian period and extending to fusion with contemporary art, it has undergone diverse transformations.
Below, we explain the historical background and cultural significance of Kyo Sensu in detail.
From Aristocratic Accessories to Everyday Necessities
The origins of Kyo Sensu can be traced back to the Hiogi (cypress fan), developed in the early Nara period by binding wooden tablets together. The Hiogi served as both a “writing instrument” for recording court ceremonies and poems and as an accessory demonstrating the status and education of court nobles.
When the folding paper fan with bamboo ribs (bat-shaped fan) was later invented, it became lighter and more mass-producible, with the technology spreading to townspeople. By the late Muromachi to early Edo period, craftsmen gathered in Kyoto, establishing a production system that secured the name “Kyo Sensu.” Eventually, they were used in various performing arts such as Noh, dance, and tea ceremony, as well as in daily life, and were valued as export items.
Collaborations with Contemporary Artists
In recent years, Kyo Sensu has continued to evolve through fusion with contemporary art. For example, at the “PARCO’s KYOTO Exhibition” held in 2018, Kyoto’s traditional crafts collaborated with contemporary artists to showcase fans with innovative designs. Through such initiatives, Kyo Sensu is gaining attention from younger generations both domestically and internationally.
Additionally, fans created by artists like Takashi Murakami and KYNE are valued as new art pieces that fuse tradition with contemporary sensibilities. These works are not only introduced at exhibitions and galleries but are also popular as collectors’ items.
In this way, Kyo Sensu continues to evolve, inheriting techniques and aesthetic sensibilities cultivated over its long history while adapting to changing times.
Materials and Traditional Manufacturing Methods of Kyo Sensu
Kyo Sensu is highly valued as a traditional Japanese craft for its delicate beauty and functionality. Its appeal lies in the meticulous production process that combines carefully selected materials with skilled craftsmanship. Below, we explain in detail the materials used in Kyo Sensu and the traditional manufacturing methods.
Selection of Rib Materials (Bamboo, Ebony) and Fan Surface (Japanese Paper, Silk)
For the ribs (senbone) of Kyo Sensu, madake bamboo grown in the Tamba region of Kyoto is considered ideal, with its elastic and strong bamboo strips supporting the smooth opening and closing movement. In high-end products, the outer ribs (oyakotsu) may use exotic woods like ebony or rosewood, adding weight and elegance.
The fan surface comes in two main types: “paper fans” using handmade Japanese paper and “silk fans” with very thin silk. Japanese paper is lightweight and suitable for painting and foil pressing, allowing for a wide range of design expressions. Silk fans feature a translucent, glossy coolness and are often used for high-quality gifts.
These materials are selected by craftsmen for each fan, with optimal combinations chosen based on the intended purpose (dance fans, tea ceremony fans, decorative fans, etc.) and design.
Division of Labor Across Approximately 88 Processes
Kyo Sensu is completed through approximately 87-88 processes, from bamboo cutting, rib shaping, paper preparation, painting, and assembling to finishing. Each process is handled by specialized craftsmen, establishing a division of labor system with bone craftsmen, paper craftsmen, painters, assemblers, and finishers.
This high-level handwork required for each specialized process ensures consistent quality in the flexibility of the ribs, the tension of the fan surface, and the smoothness of opening and closing sounds. This traditional division of labor and craftsmanship continues to support the functional beauty and durability of Kyo Sensu.
Certification Standards for “Traditional Craft” by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Kyo Sensu is certified as a “Traditional Craft” by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. To receive this certification, the following criteria must be met:
- Primarily used in daily life.
- Main manufacturing processes are performed by hand.
- Manufactured using traditional techniques and methods.
- Using traditional raw materials.
- Produced in a specific region with an established production area.
Reference: About the Traditional Crafts Law (METI/Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
By meeting these criteria, Kyo Sensu is recognized for its value as a traditional Japanese craft and becomes a subject of protection and promotion. Products that receive certification are marked with the Traditional Craft emblem, allowing consumers to purchase with confidence.
In this way, Kyo Sensu preserves its quality and tradition through carefully selected materials, skilled craftsmanship, and strict certification standards. The fusion of these elements has earned Kyo Sensu high recognition domestically and internationally as a craft that embodies Japanese aesthetic sensibilities.
Identifying Authentic Pieces! Key Points for Selection and Authenticity Checks
Kyo Sensu boasts a long history and high quality as a traditional craft of Kyoto. However, with imitations circulating in recent years, it’s important to develop an eye for identifying authentic pieces. Here, we introduce key points for determining the authenticity of Kyo Sensu.
Reading the “Kyo Sensu Logo Mark” and Craftsman’s Seal
Additionally, Kyo Sensu designated as a traditional craft by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry may have a “Traditional Mark” certificate added. This certifies that the product meets the technical and material standards set by the government and serves as the highest-level quality assurance label.
A “craftsman’s seal” (artist’s signature) may be engraved or branded on the inside of the main ribs or the edge of the fan surface, representing the maker’s signature of responsibility. By checking both the logo mark and the craftsman’s seal, you can identify information about the production area and maker.
Judging Quality by Rib Count and Pivot Construction
The more ribs a fan has, the more precisely the fan surface is stretched, resulting in a softer air flow when opening and closing. For Kyo Sensu, 32-35 ribs is standard, with 45 or 60 ribs indicating higher-end specifications. As the number of ribs increases, so do the manufacturing effort and cost, leading to higher prices.
The pivot of the fan is the core part that bundles the bamboo ribs with a rivet. Higher-quality fans use brass or silver rivets for smooth opening and closing without wobbling. Be cautious of pivots with plastic pins or loose construction, as these indicate lower durability.
Based on these considerations, purchasing from association member shops or official online stores, checking for logo marks and traditional marks, and verifying craftsman signatures will ensure you acquire authentic Kyo Sensu.
Maintenance Methods for Long-Term Enjoyment of Kyo Sensu
Kyo Sensu is highly valued as a traditional Japanese craft for its delicate beauty and functionality. Proper maintenance and storage are essential for long-term enjoyment. Below, we explain specific methods for keeping Kyo Sensu in good condition.
Storage Environment to Prevent Paper Tearing from Humidity and UV Rays
The fan surface of Kyo Sensu uses Japanese paper or silk, materials that are sensitive to humidity and ultraviolet rays. In high-humidity environments, Japanese paper absorbs moisture and expands, then contracts when dry, making it prone to tearing. Ultraviolet rays can degrade paper and silk fibers, causing discoloration and weakening.
When storing Kyo Sensu, it’s important to avoid direct sunlight and place it in a well-ventilated area. Particularly during the rainy season and hot summer months, use dehumidifiers to manage humidity. When storing the fan, use breathable cloth bags or paper boxes, being careful not to seal them completely.
Tips for Opening and Closing and Repairing Loose Pivots
Careful handling when opening and closing Kyo Sensu is the secret to longevity. Applying sudden force can strain the rib structure and pivot, leading to damage. When opening, hold the fan and slowly spread the surface.
With repeated use, the pivot may become loose. When this happens, the fan won’t open and close smoothly, potentially leading to misalignment or damage to the rib structure. If you notice pivot loosening, consult a specialized repair service for proper maintenance.
Professional Repair Services and Restoration Methods
Repair and restoration of Kyo Sensu are performed by specialized craftsmen. Various repairs are possible, including tears in the fan surface, broken ribs, and loose pivots. For example, if the Japanese paper surface tears, it can be repaired using paper with a similar texture to restore its original beauty.
Even broken ribs can be restored using the same bamboo material. These repairs are performed with advanced craftsmanship, allowing for continued use after repair. When requesting repairs, it’s important to choose a reliable specialist and confirm the estimate and repair details in advance.
As described above, maintaining a proper storage environment, careful handling, and professional repairs when necessary are important for enjoying Kyo Sensu’s beauty and functionality for a long time. By keeping these points in mind, you can enjoy your Kyo Sensu for many years to come.
Experience the Charm of Kyo Sensu on Your Trip to Kyoto
Why not deepen your memories of Kyoto through Kyo Sensu? There are numerous spots and experiences where you can appreciate the charm of traditional crafts. Here, we introduce recommended spots and experiences to explore the appeal of Kyo Sensu.
Highlights of Fan Museums & Workshop Tours
At “Senya Hangesho,” you can experience fan painting in the tatami room behind the workshop. Here, you can get a taste of authentic fan-making as handled by craftsmen.
Fan Painting & Assembly Experience Workshops
The best way to deeply understand the charm of Kyo Sensu is to make one yourself. “Maisendo” offers fan-painting experiences at each of its stores in Gion, Nishiki Market, and Kiyomizu. The “Formal Assembly Type” allows you to start from sketching, with craftsmen finishing the work for a professional experience. The “Simple Type” lets you paint on the spot and take it home immediately.
At “Akaneya,” you can paint on fan-shaped paper which craftsmen will then finish. The experience takes about 40 to 60 minutes and is accessible even for beginners.
Kyo Sensu Styling for Gion Festival and Jidai Festival
Kyo Sensu is an essential item for Kyoto’s traditional festivals such as the Gion Festival and Jidai Festival. Especially at the Gion Festival, pairing a Kyo Sensu with a yukata creates a cool and elegant impression. At the Jidai Festival, Kyo Sensu matched with historical costumes enhances the festival atmosphere.
When participating in these festivals, bringing your original Kyo Sensu is recommended. Participating with a fan you painted yourself will make the experience even more memorable.
Conclusion
Kyo Sensu is a representative traditional Japanese craft that concentrates the delicate techniques and aesthetic sensibilities cultivated in Kyoto. Beginning as an accessory for aristocrats in the Heian period, spreading to commoners in the Edo period, and now fusing with art and fashion, it has undergone various evolutions.
Its appeal lies in the selection of quality materials like bamboo, Japanese paper, and silk; the meticulous production process through division of labor; and its diverse uses in tea ceremony, dance, and interior decoration. Furthermore, by taking proper care of storage conditions to protect from humidity and UV rays, and maintaining the pivot, you can preserve its beauty for a long time.
When visiting Kyoto, be sure to explore the profound world of Kyo Sensu through museum visits, workshop tours, and painting experiences. The fan you bring home will enrich your life alongside tradition.
